Grafite e grafene i materiali del futuro ? (1 Viewer)

PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
OTTAWA, ONTARIO--(Marketwired - May 7, 2014) - Northern Graphite Corporation (TSX VENTURE:NGC)(NGPHF) announces that the Company intends to update the Preliminary Economic Assessment (the "PEA") for its 100% owned Bissett Creek graphite project to double the planned production rate at the outset rather than after three years of operation as originally contemplated. The current PEA is based on twinning the mill circuits and was undertaken to show the project's ability to meet future growth in graphite demand. However, building one large plant is much more efficient and should lead to lower capital and operating costs. The Company has also been encouraged to assess the economics of the larger plant by recent developments in the lithium ion battery industry and by strong interest in the high purity concentrates that will be produced using Northern's proprietary purification technology.



The PEA already indicates that the Bissett Creek project has very attractive economics even at or below current depressed graphite price levels. The pre-tax internal rate of return is 26.3% (22.0% after tax) and the pre-tax net present value is $231.1 million ($150.0 million after tax) using an 8% discount rate and a weighted average price of US$1,800/tonne of concentrate.​
Gregory Bowes, CEO, commented that: "Bissett Creek is the only true large flake deposit and the only one with a bankable Feasibility Study (the "FS") and its major environmental permit. It also has the best infrastructure of any new graphite project, the lowest capital costs and the highest operating margin."​
Capital costs in the current PEA have been estimated at $146.8 million to produce an average of 42,700 tonnes of graphite annually over the first 10 full years of operation compared to capital costs of $101.6 million and annual production of 20,800 tonnes in the FS. Almost 90% of graphite production will be large and extra large flake and battery grade which is the highest ratio in the industry. There are also 27.3 million tonnes of measured and indicated resources and 24 million tonnes of inferred resources that are not part of the PEA mine plan and the deposit has not yet been closed off by drilling, all of which indicates that further expansions are possible. P&E Mining Consultants Inc. have been engaged to complete a new mine plan for the PEA update and WorleyParsons Canada will estimate the capital and operating costs of the larger mill.​
Expandable Graphite
Expandable graphite is used for thermal management in consumer electronics as well as in gaskets and fluid sealing solutions, fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and fire retardants and other construction materials. It is one of the fastest growing market segments along with li ion batteries. Expandable graphite is made from extra large flake (+50 mesh) graphite which will make up almost 50% of Bissett Creek production, by far the highest in the industry. The Company has developed a proprietary purification process which will enable it to produce and sell high purity expandable graphite at a significant premium. Representative samples have been provided to a number of potential customers and substantial interest has been generated.​
Graphite Markets and Pricing
After more than tripling from 2005 to 2012, graphite prices have fallen back 50% or more due to the slowdown in China and a lack of growth in the US, Europe and Japan. Recently it has been reported that Chinese flake production has fallen 30% as uneconomic and polluting mines are closed. Current prices are at the marginal cost of production for many producers which should limit further price declines. The weighted average price that would be realized by Bissett Creek concentrates in the current market is estimated at US$1,800/t which is the highest in the industry as almost 90% of production will be large or extra large flake. Current pricing is approximately $2,100/t for +50 mesh concentrates, $1,300/t for +80 large mesh, $1,100/t and $900/t for -100 and -150 medium and small flake respectively, and less than $500/t for -150 mesh fines.​
 

PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
Tesla Motors, Inc. First Quarter 2014 Shareholder Letter

Record Q1 Model S production of 7,535 vehicles

Delivered 6,457 Model S vehicles,slightly exceeding guidance

Expansion in Asia starts with first deliveries into China

$2.3B raised in convertible notes offerings

Significant Gigafactory and capacity expansion progress

On track for more than 35,000 deliveries in 2014


35.000 vetture per una media di 50kg di grafite ad auto fanno 1.750 tonnellate di grafite; davvero molto poco direi.
Certo quando avvieranno la Gigafactory la richiesta di grafite aumenterà parecchio, ma poi le macchine le dovranno anche vendere, altrimenti con che soldi ci pagheranno la grafite ?

Dobbiamo quindi sperare che le grosse case automobilistiche si lancino con decisione nel mondo delle auto elettriche e che quindi i volumi di grafite richiesta, siano nell'ordine delle decine di migliaia di tonnellate.
 
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PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
Penso che sarà dura per le auto elettriche sfondare nel mercato; troppi interessi ruotano attorno al petrolio, primo fra tutti quello dei governi che traggono dalle accise un sacco di soldi. Vedremo cosa succederà, per il momento dobbiamo subire gli alti e bassi delle quotazioni, che un giorno ti illudono con un rialzo e poi subito ti fregano con un ribasso.
 

PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwired - Apr 23, 2014) - Flinders Resources Limited ("Flinders" or the "Company") (TSX VENTURE:FDR) is pleased to provide a further update on the work program underway to restart graphite production from the Woxna mine and processing facility in central Sweden. Woxna is a fully permitted brownfields graphite mine, having been on care and maintenance since 2001. The plant refurbishment is on track to recommence production in July 2014.



Luglio si avvicina e il prezzo dell'azione sente già l'effetto estate; chissà se quello attuale è solo un fuoco di paglia, o l'inizio di un vero e poderoso rialzo ?


Purtroppo sembra proprio un fuoco di paglia.
 

PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
Con questi titoli di miniere di grafite non bisogna avere fretta; le produzioni di grafite inizieranno mediamente tra due anni (tranne Flinders che inizierà a luglio 2014) e quindi il mercato per ora è attendista, perché aspetta che le società reperiscano i fondi per installare i macchinari delle miniere.
Comunque, per chi ci crede, è questo il momento di piazzarsi in acquisto, dato che i prezzi delle azioni sono ancora bassi. Quando tutti parleranno di grafite, sarà troppo tardi.
 

PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
Toyota non svilupperà più le auto elettriche

Seeing Future in Fuel Cells, Toyota Ends Tesla Deal

By HIROKO TABUCHIMAY 12, 2014
Inside

Photo
toyota-master675.jpg


From left, James Lentz, president of Toyota U.S.A., and Elon Musk, chief of Tesla Motors, with the Toyota RAV4 Electric in 2010. Credit Reed Saxon/Associated Press


Toyota said on Monday that it would allow a battery-supply deal with Tesla Motors to expire this year and would focus instead on building cars running on hydrogen fuel cells, a next-generation technology that rivals Tesla’s all-electric systems.
Toyota Motor invested $50 million in Tesla to acquire a 3 percent stake in the Silicon Valley upstart in 2010, and signed a $100 million joint-development deal in 2011 for a version of Toyota’s RAV4 crossover sport utility vehicle that carried Tesla’s electric powertrains. At the time, the two automakers suggested that the RAV4 electric vehicle could be the start of a wider collaboration.
But the electric RAV4 has sold poorly, despite low-cost lease and loan offers Toyota introduced last year to promote sales. And Toyota has increasingly signaled that it sees fuel cells as the most viable zero-emissions technology, putting it at odds with Tesla, an evangelist for electric-vehicle technology. Toyota is also the world’s biggest manufacturer of gas-electric hybrids.
Toyota said in an emailed statement that it was “re-evaluating” its RAV4 electric vehicle, and that Tesla’s supply agreement for the model would “conclude this year.” Toyota said that its contract had called for Tesla to supply 2,500 battery-electric powertrains for the RAV4.
The Japanese automaker said its focus this year would instead be on its four-door sedan powered by hydrogen fuel cells, which it plans to introduce in California next year. The automaker will also focus on developing hydrogen refueling stations to support fuel-cell technology, it said.
Tesla said Friday in a regulatory filing that it expected the supply deal to end this year. Toyota said it would keep its stake in Tesla for now.
“It’s obvious Toyota doesn’t see a market for electric vehicles,” said John O’Dell, green-car analyst at the auto-research site Edmunds.com. “They really see the future of the zero-emission vehicle as the hydrogen vehicle,” he said.
“In partnering with Tesla, there might have been a message there that Toyota was looking at the possibility” of a wider partnership with the Silicon Valley manufacturer, he said. “But they can’t even give these cars away. Why continue doing this?”
The winding down of the supply deal comes just four years after the two automakers announced their partnership to much fanfare, in May 2010, when Tesla bought an assembly plant in Fremont, Calif., that Toyota had closed.
The plant had been the site of a joint venture between General Motors and Toyota. But G.M. ceased production there during its bankruptcy and restructuring in 2009, and Toyota closed the factory a year later.
In return, Toyota agreed to buy $50 million of Tesla common stock and said the companies intended to cooperate on the development of “electric vehicles, parts and production-system and engineering support.”
That came as a surprise to analysts, as Toyota executives had long talked down the all-electric car in favor of the company’s own gas-electric hybrid technology, which cost the automaker millions of dollars to develop.
And yet as momentum built in recent years around all-electric powertrains, Toyota was increasingly criticized for lagging behind in a crucial automotive technology. In 2010, Nissan released the Leaf, which it billed as the world’s first mass-produced all-electric car. General Motors followed with its plug-in Chevrolet Volt.
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Toyota, for a time, appeared to be hedging its bets. In a joint news conference with Tesla in 2010, Toyota’s chief executive, Akio Toyoda, said the market had not yet chosen the best low-emissions technology. He said the company was preparing for all options.
“When customers do give us their answer,” Mr. Toyoda said, “I want the company to be ready.”
Toyota introduced its own all-electric vehicle in 2012, a car based on its iQ ultra-mini compact that the automaker developed independently. But Toyota has limited sales of that car to fleet customers. At the same time, electric vehicles have struggled to reach the mass market, hindered by consumer concerns over their range and high cost.
Alec Gutierrez, senior analyst for Kelley Blue Book, said he did not see the deal’s end as a tremendous blow to Tesla. The boutique automaker would just shift its attention to the Model X sport utility vehicle, he said, which it is set to sell next year. Still, it came as a disappointment, he said.
“There was a hope that this would have taken off and that Toyota would plan a mass-market vehicle,” he said. “But now they’re heading in two different directions.”
 

PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
In Europa si investe sull'idrogeno
Secondo l’Unione europea, i prossimi anni saranno decisivi per il decollo delle tecnologie dell’idrogeno in Europa. Bruxelles prevede nel 2030 circoleranno nel nostro continente oltre 16 milioni di vetture a idrogeno, con una graduale sostituzione, entro il 2050, di almeno il 40% del petrolio utilizzato per l’autotrazione. Per adesso, il Paese che più sta investendo nelle tecnologie dell’idrogeno è la Germania, dove sono già in funzione più di trenta distributori del carburante ecologico. La prima hydrogen highway d’Europa è stata invece inaugurata nel 2009 in Norvegia: lunga 580 chilometri, congiunge Oslo a Stavenger e comprende sette stazioni.


Sembra che tutti puntino sull'idrogeno più che sulle batterie agli ioni di litio.
 

PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
Un piccolo ragionamento su Flinders Resources; prevede di estrarre 13.000 tonnellate di grafite all'anno; in base ai dati in mio possesso avrà dei costi di estrazione di 662 $ la tonnellata e un ricavo di vendita di 1.200 $ la tonnellata; quindi avrà un utile di 7.000.000 $. Tenendo conto di una tassazione e spese varie del 50%, avremo un utile netto di 3.500.000 $; con un p/e di 10, si avrà così una capitalizzazione di 35.000.000 $.
Ad oggi essa capitalizza (0,65 x 46.198.000) 30.028.700 $.
Poi ci sono in giro warrants e stok options, per altre circa 12.000.000 di azioni.
Insomma non c'è da attendersi un gran che di rialzo, a meno che il prezzo di vendita della grafite si porti su livelli più alti, che poi sono la media attuale di circa 1.800 $ la tonnellata, ma credo che la qualità della grafite di Flinders sia piuttosto scarsa e quindi difficilmente spunterà un prezzo migliore.
 
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PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
Facciamo lo stesso esempio con Mason Graphite; prevede di estrarre 50.000 tonnellate ad un costo di 390 $ la tonnellata e un prezzo di vendita di 1.500 $ la tonnellata; quindi (1500 - 390) x 50.000 = 55.500.000 $ applicando una tassazione e spese generali del 50 %, si ottiene un utile netto di 27.750.000, applicando un p/e di 10 si ottiene una capitalizzazione di 277.500.000 $, contro la capitalizzazione odierna di circa 46.000.000 $.
Direi che qui c'è di che sperare.



Più o meno lo stesso discorso di Mason lo si può fare con Focus; estrazione prevista 44.000 tonnellate, costi di estrazione 458$ la tonnellata, prezzo previsto di vendita 1.800 $ la tonnellata. 1.800 - 458 x 44.000 - 50% p/e 10 = capitalizzazione prevista 295.240.000 $ contro una capitalizzazione odierna di circa 59.000.000 di $.
Anche qui c'è di che sperare.
 
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PIZZODIGINO

Pacifico
Large-scale fuel cell applications are being developed that could consume as much graphite as all other uses. (USGS Jan 2012).

Uses of Graphite​
• Advance applications led by​
emerging ‘cleantech’ markets​
• Significant increase in global​
demand at a rate of 2 to​
4 percent per annum​
• Applications for ultra-high​
purity graphite include:​
lithium-ion batteries, fuel
cells, pebble bed nuclear​
reactors, vanadium flow​
batteries, solar PV panels,​
high quality synthetic​
diamonds, lubricants, etc.​
• Traditional uses​
connected to the steel and​
automotive industries


Questa frase l'ho trovata sul sito di Zenyatta Ventures;
io non ne capisco niente di fuel cell, ma mi pare di intendere che anche li serva la grafite, e che quindi essa verrà utilizzata sia nelle auto elettriche che in quelle a idrogeno.

Chi se ne intende può darmi un aiuto per capire bene se la grafite sarà utilizzata anche nelle fuel cells ?
 
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